TANGFeng-bing,LIKai-ming,XUZheng,et al.Start-up and Biomass Characteristics of Composite Metal Modified Biological Sand Filter[J].China Water & Wastewater,2025,41(5):65-71.
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Start-up and Biomass Characteristics of Composite Metal Modified Biological Sand Filter

China Water & Wastewater[ISSN:1000-4062/CN:12-1073/TU] volume: 第41卷 Number: 第5期 Page: 65-71 Column: Date of publication: 2025-03-01
Author(s):
TANG　Feng-bing1; 2; 3;  LI　Kai-ming1;  XU　Zheng1; 2; 3;  GUO　Pei-ran1; 2; 3;  LI　Le-min1; 2; 3;  LI　Si-min1; 2; 3
（1. Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Water Pollution Control and Water Ecological Remediation， Hebei University of Engineering， Handan 056038， China； 2. Hebei Engineering Research Center for Sewage Treatment and Resource Utilization， Hebei University of Engineering， Handan 056038， China； 3. Handan Key Laboratory of Urban Water Utilization Technology， Hebei University of Engineering， Handan 056038， China）
Keywords:
biological sand filter;  quartz sand;  metal modification;  effluent from wastewater treatment plant;  biomass
Abstract:
The surface of quartz sand (QS) was modified with composite metals to enhance the pollutants removal capability of biological sand filters. The pollutants removal efficiency of modified quartz sand filters during the start-up phase, as well as the biomass after stable operation were examined, using simulated wastewater treatment plant effluent as the treatment medium. The surfaces of iron oxide modified sand (FS), iron-manganese modified sand (FMS), and iron-zinc modified sand (FZS) all developed secondary structures comprising distinct metal oxide layers, which significantly enhanced the adhesion and proliferation of microorganisms. Following the start-up of each filter, the turbidity removal efficiency stabilized within approximately 5 days. The COD removal efficiency reached a steady state after 19-24 days. The steady-state removal efficiency of NH4+-N exhibited a lag of 2-4 days relative to that of COD. After the successful biofilm formation, the removal efficiencies of COD and NH4+-N in the three modified quartz sand filters were significantly enhanced compared to those in conventional quartz sand filter. Notably, the FZS filter demonstrated the most effective treatment performance, achieving average removal efficiencies of 54.2% for COD, 89.9% for NH4+-N, and 88.2% for turbidity. The average biomass of the QS, FS, FMS, and FZS filters was 6.47 mg/g, 7.43 mg/g, 8.31 mg/g, and 8.92 mg/g, respectively. Notably, the biofilm from the FZS filter exhibited the highest extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content, which contributed to superior biofilm formation rate and enhanced biofilm stability on its surface.
Last Update: 2025-03-01