LIUJue,YANGXiao,CAOZhen,et al.Quaternary Ammonium?modified Hydrophobic Powdered Activated Carbon for Enhanced Perchlorate Removal and Its Mechanism[J].China Water & Wastewater,2025,41(17):69-75.
季铵改性粉末活性炭强化高氯酸盐去除效能与机理
- Title:
- Quaternary Ammonium?modified Hydrophobic Powdered Activated Carbon for Enhanced Perchlorate Removal and Its Mechanism
- Keywords:
- perchlorate; powdered activated carbon; electrostatic adsorption; hydrophobicity; water treatment plant
- 摘要:
- 开发饮用水中高氯酸盐的高效去除技术是水处理领域的重要研究方向。对两种商品粉末活性炭（PAC1和PAC2）的Zeta电位、比表面积和孔径分布进行了表征，发现表面带正电荷（0.181 mV）、比表面积更大（937.56 m2/g）、孔体积更大（0.512 cm3/g）和孔径更小（5.87 nm）的PAC2在纯水中表现出优异的高氯酸盐吸附性能，其吸附容量为18.5 mg/g，远高于PAC1的2.49 mg/g。在PAC2基础上，采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性制备了PAC2-CTAB，其长烷基链和季铵基团提高了材料疏水性和表面正电荷，高氯酸盐分配系数提高至10.07 L/mg，其对原水中高氯酸盐的去除率相较PAC2提高5.5倍，达55.03%。经10 m3/h中试验证，当高氯酸盐浓度低于100 μg/L时可通过应急投加40 mg/L的PAC2-CTAB实现出水达标。这为给水厂应对原水高氯酸盐超标问题提供了理论依据和解决方案。
- Abstract:
- The development of efficient removal technologies for perchlorate in drinking water is an important research direction in the field of water treatment. Two commercial powdered activated carbons (PAC1 and PAC2) were characterised with respect to Zeta potential, specific surface area and pore size distribution, and it was found that PAC2 with positive surface charge (0.181 mV), larger specific surface area (937.56 m2/g), larger pore volume (0.512 cm3/g) and smaller pore size (5.87 nm) showed excellent perchlorate adsorption performance in pure water, with an adsorption capacity of 18.5 mg/g, which was much higher than that of PAC1 of 2.49 mg/g. On the basis of PAC2, PAC2-CTAB was prepared by using the modification of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The long alkyl chain and quaternary ammonium group improved the hydrophobicity and positive surface charge of the material, the perchlorate partition coefficient was increased to 10.07 L/mg, and the removal rate of perchlorate in raw water was increased by 5.5 times compared with that of PAC2, reaching 55.03%. According to the 10 m3/h pilot test, when the perchlorate concentration was lower than 100 μg/L, the effluent could reach the standard through the emergency dosing of 40 mg/L PAC2-CTAB. The research results provide a theoretical basis and engineering practical solution for water treatment plants to cope with the problem of perchlorate exceeding the standard in raw water.
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