[1]林存刚,秦家贵,马保松.埋地有压输水管道漏损流量计算方法综述[J].中国给水排水,2026,42(10):1-8.
　LINCungang,QINJiagui,MABaosong.Calculation Method of Leakage Flow Rate in Buried Pressurized Water Pipelines[J].China Water & Wastewater,2026,42(10):1-8.

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埋地有压输水管道漏损流量计算方法综述

中国给水排水[ISSN:1000-4062/CN:12-1073/TU] 卷: 第42卷期数: 2026年第10期页码: 1-8 栏目: 出版日期: 2026-05-17

Title:: Calculation Method of Leakage Flow Rate in Buried Pressurized Water Pipelines

作者:: 林存刚^1,2,3,4,5，秦家贵¹，马保松^1,2,3,4,5; （1.中山大学土木工程学院，广东广州 510275；2.中山大学隧道工程灾变防控与智能建养全国重点实验室，广东广州 510275；3.南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室<珠海>，广东珠海 519082；4.广东省海洋土木工程重点实验室，广东广州 510275；5.广东省地下空间开发工程技术研究中心，广东广州 510275）

Author(s):: LIN　Cungang^{1，2，3，4，5}， QIN　Jiagui¹， MA　Baosong^{1，2，3，4，5}; （1. School of Civil Engineering， Sun Yat-sen University， Guangzhou 510275， China； 2. State Key Laboratory of Tunnel Engineering， Sun Yat-sen University， Guangzhou 510275， China； 3. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory ， Zhuhai 519082， China； 4. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Civil Engineering， Guangzhou 510275， China； 5. Guangdong Research Center for Underground Space Exploitation Technology， Guangzhou 510275， China）

关键词:: 漏损; 有压管道; 管道出流; 给排水系统; 数学模型

Keywords:: leakage; pressurized pipelines; pipeline outflow; water supply and drainage system; mathematical model

摘要:: 针对有压管道破损出流问题，现有研究已建立较为完整的出流方程计算体系，为管网漏损机理分析及防控设计提供理论支撑。目前常用的管道内流体通过指定破损口的出流量计算方程包括孔口方程、漏损方程和固定与可变面积泄放（FAVAD）方程。其中，孔口方程常用于常压流体通过小孔的入流或出流量计算；漏损方程适用于破损口面积不规则或高水压、高流速系统的流量计算；FAVAD方程则大量应用于有压管道及管网系统的漏损流量计算。本文系统综述了有压管道漏损机理的研究进展，并给出考虑水头、破损口形状参数、管道材料特性和漏损介质的修正出流计算模型。此外，还讨论了这些出流方程的适用场景与不足，并为未来的研究方向提供建议。

Abstract:: For the issue of outflow from damaged pressurized pipelines, existing research has established a relatively complete system of outflow equations, providing theoretical support for the analysis of pipeline leakage mechanisms and prevention design. The commonly used equations for calculating the outflow rate of fluid through a specified damaged orifice in a pipeline include the orifice equation, the leakage equation, and the fixed and variable area discharges (FAVAD) equation. Among them, the orifice equation is typically used to calculate the inflow or outflow rate of fluid at atmospheric pressure through small openings. The leakage equation is more suitable for cases where the damaged orifice has an irregular shape or when dealing with high-pressure, high-velocity flow systems. The FAVAD equation is widely applied to the calculation of leakage flow in pressurized pipelines and water distribution networks. This paper systematically reviews the research progress on leakage mechanisms in pressurized pipelines and presents modified outflow calculation models that consider factors such as hydraulic head, damaged orifice shape parameters, pipeline material properties, and leakage medium characteristics. In addition, the advantages and limitations of these outflow equations are analyzed, along with recommendations for future research.

更新日期/Last Update: 2026-05-17