MATao,YANJuanzhi,WANGJunli.Operational Efficiency and Mechanism of Granular Sludge Enhanced by Sludge-based Hydrochar[J].China Water & Wastewater,2026,42(11):89-96.
污泥基水热炭强化颗粒污泥运行效能及作用机制
- Title:
- Operational Efficiency and Mechanism of Granular Sludge Enhanced by Sludge-based Hydrochar
- Keywords:
- granular sludge; hydrochar; nitrogen and phosphorus removal; functional gene; microbial community
- 摘要:
- 为阐明污泥基水热炭对除磷颗粒污泥的强化机制，以剩余污泥制备水热炭，构建序批式反应器，在0~2.0 g/L投加梯度下连续运行100 d，系统考察其对污泥性状、微生物群落及脱氮除磷性能的影响。结果表明，水热炭具备多孔结构（比表面积为68.5 m2/g，总孔容为0.18 cm3/g）与丰富的表面官能团（羟基、羧基等）。当水热炭投加量为1.0 g/L时强化效果最佳，污泥密实度与颗粒化程度显著提升，功能性微生物群落丰富度最高，优势菌门为Proteobacteria（42.6%）与Bacteroidetes（21.5%），聚磷菌（Candidatus Accumulibacter，7.5%）与硝化菌（Nitrospira，4.9%）明显富集，ppk1基因丰度提高2.3倍，关键酶活性达到峰值，总磷、氨氮与COD去除率分别达到96.8%、98.5%和94.6%。而过量投加（2.0 g/L）水热炭会引发污泥颗粒中空化，导致功能菌与基因丰度下降，处理效能降低。水热炭通过微生物调控与物质转化协同机制优化污泥性能，强化颗粒化过程，该研究可为污水深度脱氮除磷与污泥资源化提供理论依据与技术途径。
- Abstract:
- To elucidate the enhancement mechanism of sludge-based hydrochar on phosphorus-removing granular sludge, this study prepared hydrochar from waste activated sludge and constructed sequencing batch reactors operated for 100 days with hydrochar addition gradients of 0-2.0 g/L. The effects on sludge characteristics, microbial community, and nitrogen and phosphorus removal performance were systematically investigated. Results showed that the hydrochar possessed a porous structure (specific surface area 68.5 m2/g, total pore volume 0.18 cm3/g) and abundant surface functional groups (e.g., hydroxyl and carboxyl). The optimal effect was observed at 1.0 g/L of hydrochar dosage, which significantly improved sludge compactness and granulation degree, and resulted in the highest richness of functional microbial communities. Proteobacteria (42.6%) and Bacteroidetes (21.5%) were the dominant phyla, with significant enrichment of phosphate-accumulating organisms (Candidatus Accumulibacter, 7.5%) and nitrifying bacteria (Nitrospira, 4.9%). The abundance of the ppk1 gene increased by 2.3 times, and key enzyme activities reached their peak. In this group, the removal efficiencies of total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, and COD reached 96.8%, 98.5%, and 94.6%, respectively. However, excessive addition of hydrochar (2.0 g/L) induced hollowing of granules, leading to a decline in functional microbe abundance and treatment performance. Hydrochar optimizes sludge properties and enhances granulation through a synergistic mechanism involving microbial regulation and substance transformation, providing theoretical and technical support for advanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal in wastewater and sludge resource recovery.
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