XiaoBinbin,GuoWenlu,WangXiaofeng,et al.Distribution and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Water Supply and Drainage Cycle of a Southern City[J].China Water & Wastewater,2026,42(13):69-75.
南方某市供排水循环中重金属分布及风险评价
- Title:
- Distribution and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Water Supply and Drainage Cycle of a Southern City
- Keywords:
- water supply and drainage cycle; heavy metal; As; Hg; risk assessment
- 摘要:
- 为了进一步了解南方某市供排水循环中重金属元素的分布及相关风险，以2020—2022年供排水系统水质和污泥监测数据作为评价指标，分别采用单因子污染指数评价法、综合水质指数（WQI）法、物种敏感性分布（SSD）风险评价法、水环境健康风险评价模型和污泥潜在生态风险评价法对原水（地表水）、饮用水、污水和污泥进行综合评价。结果表明，原水（地表水）中除As、Hg外的重金属浓度极低，As浓度较低且具有明显的季节性特征，Hg浓度较低但2022年明显增加，WQI年均值为0.33~2.68，重金属污染整体处于无污染-轻度污染状态，As和Hg的风险熵分别不超过0.29和0.74，处于中等生态风险水平；水环境健康风险评价结果表明，饮用水总体健康风险达到10-5，为中度风险级别，As是主要致癌因子；污水厂进水重金属浓度不高但变化明显，污水处理厂出水水质符合排放标准，但总汞的高值接近排水限值（1 μg/L）；供排水污泥的综合生态风险均低于150，属于低潜在生态风险，但Cd的潜在生态风险系数为64，远高于其他重金属，是供排水污泥中首要重金属污染物。通过多种方法定性定量的有机结合得出，研究区域内水环境主要风险来源为As、Hg，污泥主要风险来源为Cd。
- Abstract:
- To further understand the distribution and associated risks of heavy metals in the water supply and drainage cycle of a city in southern China, monitoring data on water quality and sludge from the water supply and drainage system between 2020 and 2022 were used as evaluation indicators. A comprehensive assessment was conducted on raw water (surface water), drinking water, wastewater, and sludge using the single factor pollution index, water quality index (WQI), species sensitivity distribution (SSD) risk assessment method, water environmental health risk assessment model, and sludge potential ecological risk assessment method. The results showed that, except for arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg), the concentrations of other heavy metals in raw water (surface water) were extremely low. As concentration was low but exhibited significant seasonal variation, while Hg concentration remained low but increased notably in 2022. The annual average WQI values ranged from 0.33 to 2.68, indicating that the overall heavy metal pollution level ranged from non-pollution to mild pollution. The risk quotients for As and Hg didn’t exceed 0.29 and 0.74, indicating a moderate ecological risk level. The health risk assessment of the water environment showed that the overall health risk of drinking water reached 10-5, classified as a moderate risk level, with As being the main carcinogenic factor. Although the concentration of heavy metals in the influent of the wastewater treatment plant varied and was not high, the effluent quality met the discharge standards. However, the high total mercury values approached the discharge limit (1 μg/L).The comprehensive ecological risk index for sludge from water supply and drainage operations was below 150, indicating a low potential ecological risk. Nevertheless, the potential ecological risk coefficient for cadmium (Cd) was 64, which was significantly higher than that of other heavy metals, making Cd the primary pollutant in the sludge from water supply and drainage systems. Through a qualitative and quantitative combination of multiple methods, it was concluded that the main risk sources in the water environment of the study area were As and Hg, while the main risk source in the sludge was Cd.
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