[1]郑星宇,马明良,袁瑞,等.污水厂NaClO应急消毒中余氯变化及副产物生成规律[J].中国给水排水,2026,42(15):21-29.
　ZhengXingyu,MaMingliang,YuanRui,et al.Residual Chlorine Variation and Disinfection Byproducts Formation during Emergency Disinfection with NaClO in Wastewater Treatment Plants[J].China Water & Wastewater,2026,42(15):21-29.
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污水厂NaClO应急消毒中余氯变化及副产物生成规律

中国给水排水[ISSN:1000-4062/CN:12-1073/TU] 卷: 第42卷 期数: 2026年第15期 页码: 21-29 栏目: 出版日期: 2026-08-01
Title:
Residual Chlorine Variation and Disinfection Byproducts Formation during Emergency Disinfection with NaClO in Wastewater Treatment Plants
作者:
郑星宇1， 马明良2， 袁瑞2， 彭喜林1， 郭佳鑫2， 姚杰1， 张金1， 姚娟娟2
（1.重庆市三峡水务有限责任公司，重庆 400700；2.重庆大学 环境与生态学院，重庆400045）
Author(s):
Zheng　Xingyu1， Ma　Mingliang2， Yuan　Rui2， Peng　Xilin1， Guo　Jiaxin2， Yao　Jie1， Zhang　Jin1， Yao　Juanjuan2
（1. Chongqing Three Gorges Water Affairs Co. Ltd.， Chongqing 400700， China； 2. College of Environment and Ecology， Chongqing University， Chongqing 400045， China）
关键词:
应急消毒;  二氧化氯;  次氯酸钠;  耗氯规律;  消毒副产物
Keywords:
emergency disinfection;  chlorine dioxide (ClO2);  sodium hypochlorite (NaClO);  available chlorine consumption pattern;  disinfection byproducts (DBPs)
摘要:
次氯酸钠（NaClO）是采用二氧化氯（ClO2）消毒的污水处理厂中常用的应急消毒手段，但有关NaClO应急消毒过程中，余氯衰减规律、消毒副产物（DBPs）生成特征及其对典型高耗氯污染物冲击的应对效果尚不明确，制约了该工艺在实际应用中的可靠性与安全性。为此，以重庆市10座采用ClO2消毒的污水处理厂接触消毒池进水为研究对象，系统考察了NaClO应急消毒过程中余氯变化与消毒副产物生成规律，并评估了其对高耗氯污染物的应对效能。结果表明，随NaClO投加量增加，45 min内（接触消毒池设计停留时间）的有效氯消耗量逐渐趋于稳定，重庆地区污水处理厂的理论耗氯量极限值为4.3~9.3 mg/L。同时，消毒出水的余ClO2浓度随NaClO投加量增加而上升。在消毒副产物方面，三氯甲烷（TCM）生成量随投加量增加逐渐趋于稳定，而三氯乙酸（TCAA）生成量持续上升，表明TCAA是应急消毒中需重点管控的副产物。相较于酚类与胺类有机污染物，NO2-与Fe2+对ClO2消毒系统的冲击更为显著。中试进一步证实，当NaClO应急投加量为10~15 mg/L时，可有效抵消10 mg/L的 NO2-/Fe2+对出水总有效余氯的影响。
Abstract:
ANaClO is commonly used as an emergency disinfectant in wastewater treatment plants （WWTPs）that employ ClO2 as the primary disinfection process. However, the decay patterns of residual chlorine, the formation characteristics of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), and the effectiveness of NaClO in responding to typical high chlorine-consuming pollutants during emergency disinfection remain unclear, which limits the reliability and safety in practical applications. To address this, this study systematically investigated the variations in residual chlorine and the generation patterns of DBPs during emergency NaClO disinfection, as well as its response efficacy to high chlorine-consuming pollutants, using influent from the contact tanks of ten WWTPs in Chongqing that adopt ClO2 as the primary disinfectant. The results showed that as the NaClO dosage increased, the effective chlorine consumption gradually stabilized within 45 minutes (the designed hydraulic retention time of the contact tank). The theoretical maximum chlorine demand for WWTPs in Chongqing ranged from 4.3 mg/L to 9.3 mg/L. Meanwhile, the residual ClO2 concentration in the disinfected effluent increased with higher NaClO dosages. Regarding DBPs, the formation of trichloromethane (TCM) tended to stabilize with increasing NaClO dosage, whereas the formation of trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) continued to rise, indicating that TCAA was a key byproduct requiring focused control during emergency disinfection. Compared to phenolic and amine organic pollutants,NO2- and Fe2+ exerted a more significant impact on the ClO2 disinfection system. Pilot-scale experiments further confirmed that an emergency NaClO dosage of 10-15 mg/L could effectively offset the influence of 10 mg/L NO2-/Fe2+ on the total effective residual chlorine in the effluent.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2026-08-01