新冠肺炎疫情下关于减少污泥中病原体的思考
- Title:
- Reflections on Reducing Pathogens in Sludge in the Case of COVID-19
- Keywords:
- sludge; SARS-CoV-2; pathogen; disinfect
- 摘要:
- 基于新型冠状病毒可以通过患者粪便排入下水道而进入城市排水系统的问题，梳理了病毒在水循环链条中的迁徙轨迹，得出要重视病毒进入城市排水系统后通过污泥进行扩散和传播的风险。鉴于此次新冠肺炎疫情，有必要归纳和反思我国污泥处理处置过程中的病原体控制,为此系统梳理了我国的污泥杀菌消毒相关标准和政策，研究了美国和欧盟的相关研究成果，认为污泥是病原体的良好载体，但目前我国对于污泥中病原体的控制标准约束较为宽松，需加强污泥中病原菌灭活的试验和研究，并制定病原体的指标和限值。新型冠状病毒是包膜病毒，较容易被消毒剂杀死，因此疫情期间在污泥预处理段投加消毒剂是有效控制病原体的措施,好氧发酵、厌氧消化、石灰稳定、热干化和射线辐射等处理方式都可以有效减少病原体。疫情期间，污泥的处置方式宜采取焚烧或协同焚烧的方式，对于污泥无害化处置能力不足的地区，应推进落实合规的污泥处置出路的工作。此外，为了减少暴露风险，在污泥处理处置过程中应优先选择密闭性较好的装置。
- Abstract:
- Based on the problem that the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) can enter the urban drainage system through the excretion of patients’ faces into the sewer, the fate of infective viruses in the urban water cycle was analyzed. Then, it was concluded that attention should be paid to the risk of virus spreading through sludge after the virus enters the urban drainage system. In the case of COVID-19 epidemic,it is impartant to summarize and reflect on the pathogen control during sludge treatment and disposal process in China. Therefore, the relevant standards and policies of sludge sterilization and disinfection in China have been systematically combed, and the relevant research results of the United States and the European Union have been studied. It has been considered that the sludge is a good carrier of pathogens; the standard restrictions on pathogens in sludge in our country are relatively loose currently. So it is necessary to strengthen the experiments and research on inactivation of pathogens in sludge, and to formulate the index and limit value of pathogens. The SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped virus that can be relatively easily killed by antivirus agent. Therefore, adding disinfectant to the sludge pretreatment section is an effective measure to control pathogens during the epidemic. Aerobic fermentation, anaerobic digestion, lime stabilization, thermal drying, and radiation treatment can effectively reduce pathogens. During the epidemic period, sludge disposal methods are recommended to adopt incineration or coincineration. For areas where the harmless disposal capacity of sludge is insufficient, the implementation of compliance sludge disposal outlet should be promoted. In addition, in order to reduce the exposure risk, in the sludge treatment and disposal process, the better sealing device should be preferred.
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