LIXue-mei,MAYan-qi,LIYao.Risk Assessment of PCBs and PCDD/Fs in Digested Sludge and Thermal Drying Sludge[J].China Water & Wastewater,2024,40(7):91-97.
消化和热干化污泥中多氯联苯和二口恶英风险评估
- Title:
- Risk Assessment of PCBs and PCDD/Fs in Digested Sludge and Thermal Drying Sludge
- Keywords:
- sewage treatment plant; anaerobic digestive sludge; thermal drying sludge; polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); dioxins (PCDD/Fs); risk assessment
- 摘要:
- 采用同位素稀释法的高分辨气相色谱-质谱仪测定了厌氧消化污泥和热干化污泥中多氯联苯（PCBs）及二口恶英（PCDD/Fs）的浓度，并结合发光菌急性毒性实验，评估了厌氧消化污泥和热干化污泥的生态风险。结果表明，二口恶英类多氯联苯（DL-PCBs）和PCDD/Fs的毒性当量（TEQs，以干泥计）为1.50~32.50 pg/g，低于欧盟设定的限值（100 pg/g）。其中，PCB 28和PCB 118分别是指示性PCBs（I-PCBs）和DL-PCBs中浓度最高的物质。热干化污泥中的PCB 28及PCB 180浓度均与I-PCBs浓度呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。厌氧消化污泥中的PCDD/Fs组成变化较大，在样品S1~S6中，八氯代二苯并呋喃（OCDF）的浓度最高，占比为66.2%~88.9%，其余样品中八氯代二苯并二口恶英（OCDD）的浓度占比最大。污泥龄是影响PCDD/Fs浓度的主要因素。与厌氧消化污泥不同，热干化污泥均以OCDD为主。发光菌急性毒性实验结果表明，厌氧消化污泥和热干化污泥的水溶液在15 min时对费氏弧菌的半数有效浓度（EC50）分别为76.3和30.4 g/L，30 min时分别为21.6和12.5 g/L。热干化污泥对费氏弧菌的抑制率高于厌氧消化污泥，与TEQs（DL-PCBs+PCDD/Fs）的结果相反，表明在评估污泥生态风险时，单一的化学物质分析不能全面反映污泥的生态风险，需要综合考虑多种因素。
- Abstract:
- This paper determined the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins (PCDD/Fs) in anaerobic digestive sludge and thermal drying sludge by isotope-dilution high-resolution gas chromatography-tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry, and assessed their the ecological risk by acute toxicity test of photoluminescence bacteria. The toxic equivalents (TEQs) of dioxin-like PCBs (DL-PCBs) and PCDD/Fs ranged from 1.50 pg/g to 32.50 pg/g (measured in dry sludge), which were lower than the standard value of 100 pg/g set by the European Union. Among them, PCB 28 and PCB 118 were the most abundant substances in indicative PCBs (I-PCBs) and DL-PCBs, respectively. The concentrations of PCB 28 and PCB 180 in thermal drying sludge were significantly positively correlated with the concentration of I-PCBs (P<0.05). The composition of PCDD/Fs in anaerobic digestive sludge varied greatly. Octachlorodibenzofuran (OCDF) had the highest concentration in samples S1-S6, accounting for 66.2%-88.9%, while octachlorodibenzodioxin (OCDD) had the highest concentration in other samples. Sludge age was the main factor affecting the concentration of PCDD/Fs. Different from anaerobic digestive sludge, OCDD was dominant in the thermal drying sludge. The results of acute toxicity test showed that the 50% effective concentrations (EC50) of anaerobic digestive sludge and thermal drying sludge against Vibrio fischeri were 76.3 g/L and 30.4 g/L at 15 min and 21.6 g/L and 12.5 g/L at 30 min, respectively. The inhibition rate of thermal drying sludge against Vibrio fischeri was higher than that of anaerobic digestive sludge, which was contrary to the results of TEQs(DL-PCBs+PCDD/Fs). Therefore, a single chemical analysis could not fully reflect the ecological risk of sludge, and multiple factors should be comprehensively considered.
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