[1]杨子彤,王建龙,王鹏,等.美国洪水保险政策、制度、实践及启示[J].中国给水排水,2025,41(2):28-37.
　YANGZi-tong,WANGJian-long,WANG Peng,et al.System Design and Implementation Rules of the National Flood Insurance Program in the United States and Development Implications[J].China Water & Wastewater,2025,41(2):28-37.
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美国洪水保险政策、制度、实践及启示

中国给水排水[ISSN:1000-4062/CN:12-1073/TU] 卷: 第41卷 期数: 2025年第2期 页码: 28-37 栏目: 出版日期: 2025-01-17
Title:
System Design and Implementation Rules of the National Flood Insurance Program in the United States and Development Implications
作者:
杨子彤1,2， 王建龙1,3， 王鹏4， 王仕平4， 邱荣庭3， 苏德慧5， 李俊奇1
（1.北京建筑大学 城市雨水系统与水环境教育部重点实验室，北京 100044；2.中国城市规划设计研究院 厦门分院，福建 厦门 361000；3.北京建筑大学 北京市可持续城市排水系统构建与风险控制工程技术研究中心，北京 100044；4.北京建筑大学 北京节能减排与城乡可持续发展省部共建协同创新中心，北京 100044；5.海绵城市雨水收集技术有限公司，浙江 宁波 315000）
Author(s):
YANG　Zi-tong1，2， WANG　Jian-long1，3， WANG Peng4， WANG　Shi-ping4， QIU　Rong-ting3， SU　De-hui5， LI　Jun-qi1
（1. Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment ， Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture， Beijing 100044，China； 2. Xiamen Branch， China Academy of Urban Planning & Design， Xiamen 361000， China； 3. Beijing Sustainable Urban Drainage System Construction and Risk Control Engineering Technology Research Center， Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture， Beijing 100044， China； 4. Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center， Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture， Beijing 100044， China； 5. Sponge City Rainwater Harvesting Technology Co. Ltd.， Ningbo 315000， China）
关键词:
洪水保险;  洪水风险图;  美国洪水保险计划（NFIP）;  保险费率;  再保险;  洪涝灾害
Keywords:
flood insurance;  flood hazard map;  national flood insurance program (NFIP) of the United States;  premium rate;  reinsurance;  flood disaster
摘要:
洪涝灾害一直是全球灾害的重要组成部分。发达国家普遍通过实施洪水保险来降低经济损失、保障洪涝灾区公众财产安全、降低灾后社会经济影响，洪水保险已成为防治洪涝灾害的重要非工程措施之一。在实施洪水保险的国家中，美国的洪水保险政策经过多年的发展，在实践过程中不断完善并取得显著成效。系统介绍了美国洪水保险计划的立法过程，及其在长期实践中不断发展完善形成的制度体系、运行机制、资金管理、投保流程等制度设计和实施细则，结合我国的洪水管理现状，提出了我国建立洪涝保险的迫切性和必要性，以期为构建适应我国国情的洪涝保险法律制度提供借鉴。
Abstract:
Flood disasters constitute a critical challenge in urban disaster prevention and mitigation. Flood insurance has been widely adopted in developed countries as an effective non-engineering measure to minimize economic losses, ensure the safety of citizens’ property in flood areas, and mitigate the socio-economic impacts of disasters. Among these efforts, the national flood insurance program (NFIP) in the United States has achieved significant success through continuous improvements. This paper systematically introduces the legislative evolution and the institutional framework of the NFIP, including its system composition, operation mechanisms, fund management strategies, and insurance processes, which have been constantly improved in long-term practice. By examining the current situation of flood management in China, the study has valuable lessons from flood insurance systems in developed countries. It can provide support for designing a flood insurance policy for China.
更新日期/Last Update: 2025-01-17