ZHUOYang,YINCai-yue,ZHOUMeng-yu,et al.Characteristics of Nitrogen and Sulfur Conversion and Simultaneous Biological Sulfur, Ammonia and Odor Removal during Sludge Aerobic Fermentation[J].China Water & Wastewater,2025,41(5):36-43.
污泥发酵氮硫转化及同步脱硫脱氨生物除臭特性
- Title:
- Characteristics of Nitrogen and Sulfur Conversion and Simultaneous Biological Sulfur, Ammonia and Odor Removal during Sludge Aerobic Fermentation
- Keywords:
- sludge; aerobic fermentation; biological deodorization; biotrickling filter; hydrogen sulfide; ammonia
- 摘要:
- 城镇污水处理厂污泥好氧发酵过程中会产生大量臭气，其氮和硫浓度较低，具有不确定性、嗅阈值低、时段性等特征，目前的处理方法存在停留时间长、化学药剂需求量大等问题，臭气问题已经成为制约污泥好氧发酵工程规模化应用的重要因素。为此，分析了污泥好氧发酵过程中臭气的生成特性，并开展同步脱硫脱氨生物除臭强化试验。污泥好氧发酵过程中氨气及硫化氢的产量分别为7.0 g/kg和92.0 mg/kg（以干物质计），二者的最大生成速率分别为2 555、32.28 mg/d；好氧发酵过程的氮素流失占进料总氮的45.3%，主要存在于臭气（30.0%）及冷凝水（9.2%）中。与传统化学吸收-生物除臭工艺相比，同步脱硫脱氨工艺在空床停留时间为6.0 s时，脱硫率可由（63.4±25.5）%增至（70.9±16.9）%，这是由于氨气溶解使循环液pH由6.04±0.39增至8.50±0.49，强化了硫化物的解离过程，进而增加了硫化氢的吸收量。同时，在同步脱硫脱氨生物滴滤塔中还可去除（66.2±21.0）%的氨气，即在提升脱硫性能的同时，可降低化学吸收塔的药剂消耗。因此，采用同步脱硫脱氨工艺可有效提升氨气及硫化氢去除效率，降低污泥好氧发酵除臭系统的建设及运行成本。
- Abstract:
- A significant amount of odor is generated during the aerobic fermentation of sludge in municipal wastewater treatment plants. This odor exhibits characteristics such as low concentrations of nitrogen and sulfur compounds, unpredictability, low odor thresholds, and temporal variability. Current treatment methods face challenges including long retention time and high demand for chemical reagents. The odor issue has become a critical factor limiting the large-scale application of sludge aerobic fermentation projects. In this study, the odor generation characteristics of sludge during aerobic fermentation were systematically analyzed, and an experiment on biological deodorization including simultaneous sulfur and ammonia removal was conducted. During the process of sludge aerobic fermentation, the yields of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were 7.0 g/kg and 92.0 mg/kg (on a dry weight basis), respectively, with their respective peak production rates reaching 2 555 mg/d and 32.28 mg/d; nitrogen loss accounted for 45.3% of the total nitrogen, with the majority being present in the form of odorous emissions (30.0%) and condensate (9.2%). Compared to the traditional chemical absorption-biological deodorization process, the desulfurization efficiency was enhanced from (63.4±25.5)% to (70.9±16.9)% when the empty bed retention time was set to 6.0 seconds. This improvement was attributed to the increase in the pH of the circulating liquid from 6.04±0.39 to 8.50±0.49 as a result of ammonia dissolution, which facilitated the dissociation of sulfide and consequently increased the amount of hydrogen sulfide absorbed. Simultaneously, the biotrickling filter could achieve an ammonia removal efficiency of (66.2±21.0)%, thereby enhancing desulfurization performance while reducing the chemical consumption in the chemical absorption reactor. Consequently, the concurrent desulfurization and ammonia removal process can significantly enhance the removal efficiency of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide while reducing the construction and operational costs of sludge aerobic fermentation and deodorization system.
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