[1]郝晓地,鄢丽,朱洋墨.PFAS在污水处理过程中的演变与归宿[J].中国给水排水,2025,41(10):1-10.
　HAOXiao-di,YANLi,ZHUYang-mo.Evolution and Fate of PFAS in Wastewater Treatment and Sludge Disposal[J].China Water & Wastewater,2025,41(10):1-10.

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PFAS在污水处理过程中的演变与归宿

中国给水排水[ISSN:1000-4062/CN:12-1073/TU] 卷: 第41卷期数: 2025年第10期页码: 1-10 栏目: 出版日期: 2025-05-17

Title:: Evolution and Fate of PFAS in Wastewater Treatment and Sludge Disposal

作者:: 郝晓地，鄢丽，朱洋墨; （北京建筑大学城市雨水系统与水环境教育部重点实验室中-荷未来污水处理技术研发中心，北京 100044）

Author(s):: HAO　Xiao-di， YAN　Li， ZHU　Yang-mo; （Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies， Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment ， Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture， Beijing 100044， China）

关键词:: 全氟/多氟烷基物质（PFAS）; 前体物质; 污水处理; 污泥处置; 固体吸附; 迁移转化

Keywords:: perfluoro and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS); precursor substances; wastewater treatment; sludge disposal; solid adsorption; migration and transformation

摘要:: 环境中人工合成全氟/多氟烷基物质（PFAS）达4 000多种，具有极高的热稳定性与化学稳定性。进入污水处理厂的PFAS一般难以被去除，多数情况下出水中PFAS含量甚至还高于进水。系统分析了常见PFAS在污水与污泥处理中的演变过程，并阐述了它们的归宿。一级处理可使少量吸附性能较强的PFAS分流至沙砾与初沉污泥中；二级处理中长链PFAS更易被吸附，这就使得泥相中存在较多长链PFAS；再者，因进水中存在相对较多可降解为短链PFAS的有机物前体物质，所以二级出水中以短链PFAS为主；三级处理中，除反渗透外，一般处理方法对PFAS的去除作用并不明显，只有反渗透具有截留聚积作用，但PFAS并非真正被去除。污泥处理中，生物处理、土地利用、卫生填埋等对PFAS仅具有迁移与转化作用，只有污泥焚烧对PFAS结构具有较大的破坏作用，但可能存在燃烧副产物。可见，对PFAS最有效的防范是限制其源头使用，在此方面欧盟似乎将对PFAS开始实施严格禁令。

Abstract:: There are over 4 000 types of synthetic perfluoro and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment, which exhibit extremely high thermal and chemical stability. PFAS entering wastewater treatment plants are generally difficult to remove, and in most cases, the PFAS content in effluents is even higher than that in influents. This review systematically analyzes and summarizes the evolution of common PFAS during wastewater treatment and sludge disposal processes, and describes their fates. Primary treatment can divert a small amount of strongly adsorbable PFAS into grit and primary sludge. In the secondary treatment, long-chain PFAS are more easily adsorbed, resulting in their accumulation in the sludge phase. Moreover, due to the presence of relatively high levels of organic precursors that can degrade into short-chain PFAS in the influents, short-chain PFAS dominate in the secondary effluent. In tertiary treatment, most methods have little effects on PFAS removal from the water phase, with only reverse osmosis (RO) capable of intercepting and accumulating PFAS, although this doesn’t result in their actual destruction. Regarding sludge disposal methods, biological treatment, land application and landfill primarily involve the transfer and transformation of PFAS. Only sludge incineration can significantly disrupt the structure of PFAS, although it may produce some by-products of combustion. Clearly, the most effective strategy to mitigate PFAS contamination is to limit their use at the source. In this issue, the European Union appears poised to impose a strict ban on PFAS.

更新日期/Last Update: 2025-05-17