[1]张国珍,卢兆明,王超,等.不同生物慢滤滤料对微污染窖水的处理效能[J].中国给水排水,2025,41(17):63-68.
　ZHANGGuo-zhen,LUZhao-ming,WANGChao,et al.Treatment Efficiency of Various Biological Slow Filtration Media on Micro-polluted Cellar Water[J].China Water & Wastewater,2025,41(17):63-68.
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不同生物慢滤滤料对微污染窖水的处理效能

中国给水排水[ISSN:1000-4062/CN:12-1073/TU] 卷: 第41卷 期数: 2025年第17期 页码: 63-68 栏目: 出版日期: 2025-09-01
Title:
Treatment Efficiency of Various Biological Slow Filtration Media on Micro-polluted Cellar Water
作者:
张国珍1， 卢兆明1,2， 王超1,2， 武福平1,2， 周添红1,2
（1.兰州交通大学 环境与市政工程学院，甘肃 兰州 730070；2.甘肃省黄河水环境重点实验室，甘肃 兰州 730070）
Author(s):
ZHANG　Guo-zhen1， LU　Zhao-ming1，2， WANG　Chao1，2， WU　Fu-ping1，2， ZHOU　Tian-hong1，2
（1. School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering， Lanzhou Jiaotong University， Lanzhou 730070， China； 2. Key Laboratory of Yellow River Environment in Gansu Province， Lanzhou 730070， China）
关键词:
微污染窖水;  生物慢滤;  滤料元素组成;  滤层厚度
Keywords:
micro-polluted cellar water;  biological slow filtration;  element composition of filtration medium;  filter layer thickness
摘要:
针对西北干旱地区集雨窖水的水质问题，以含有不同元素的沸石、改性沸石、石英砂、火山岩和麦饭石作为生物慢滤滤料，通过对比实验，考察各慢滤柱挂膜时间以及稳定运行后对浊度、NH4+-N、CODMn的去除效果，并探讨其机理。结果表明，当滤速控制在0.2 m/h时，各滤柱对浊度的去除率均在90%以上；火山岩滤柱对NH4+-N和CODMn的去除效果最好，平均去除率分别为97.07%、43.20%；滤料中的Na、K、Ca、Mg、Al、Fe元素对窖水中NH4+-N和CODMn的去除具有促进作用，其中Mg、Ca、Fe不仅具有离子交换能力，还对微生物的生长聚集和部分优势菌种富集具有促进作用；滤柱对污染物的去除主要集中在上层。采用生物慢滤技术处理西北村镇微污染窖水时，建议天然滤料选择火山岩；若对滤料进行改性，建议优先选择含有Fe元素的改性剂。
Abstract:
In response to water quality issue in rainwater collection cellars in the arid regions of Northwest China, various materials—including zeolite, modified zeolite, quartz sand, volcanic rock, and tourmaline with different elemental compositions—were employed as biological slow filtration media, and a series of comparative experiments were conducted to evaluate the biofilm formation time of each filtration column, as well as the removal efficiencies of turbidity, NH4+-N, and CODMn under stable operating conditions. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms were analyzed. When the filtration velocity was maintained at 0.2 m/h, the turbidity removal efficiency of each filter column exceeded 90%. Among them, the volcanic rock filter column demonstrated the highest removal efficiency for NH4+-N and CODMn, with average removal efficiencies of 97.07% and 43.20%, respectively. The presence of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al, and Fe in the filter media promoted the removal of NH4+-N and CODMn from cellar water. In particular, Mg, Ca, and Fe not only possessed ion exchange capacity but also facilitated microbial growth and aggregation, as well as the enrichment of certain dominant bacterial strains. The removal of pollutants primarily occurred in the upper layer of the filter column. When applying biological slow filtration technology to treat micro-polluted cellar water in rural and small towns of Northwest China, it is advisable to select volcanic rock as the preferred natural filter media. If the filter media require modification, it is recommended to prioritize the use of modifiers containing Fe element.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2025-09-01