WANGGuanghui,LIXueyi,ZHANGXing,et al.Analysis and Suggestions on the Causes of High Biochemical Sludge Concentration in Typical Municipal Sewage Treatment Plants in China[J].China Water & Wastewater,2026,42(12):64-70.
污水处理厂污泥活性影响因素分析及优化策略
- Title:
- Analysis and Suggestions on the Causes of High Biochemical Sludge Concentration in Typical Municipal Sewage Treatment Plants in China
- Keywords:
- sewage treatment; sludge activity; grit removal efficiency
- 摘要:
- 我国60%以上城镇污水处理厂面临生化单元活性污泥浓度过高且活性偏低的问题（MLVSS/MLSS均值50%，显著低于70%~75%的理论值），污水处理效率下降、能耗攀升及运维成本增加。本文基于对北方22座典型污水处理厂的运行数据及国内外文献的系统分析，从进水特性、预处理效能、生化反应机制、深度处理及污泥处置全流程切入，揭示污泥浓度过高的核心诱因。研究发现，进水高无机颗粒负荷（ISS/SS均值39.85%，粒径≤100 μm的细微颗粒占比约70%）、预处理单元除砂效率不足（旋流/曝气沉砂池对细微砂粒的去除率<50%）、化学污泥回流及污泥龄调控失当（污泥龄延长至90 d导致污泥浓度激增135%）等多重因素存在耦合效应，因此提出“源头控砂-工艺优化-智慧调控”技术体系，旨在为城镇污水处理厂提质增效与绿色发展提供理论支撑与实践范式。
- Abstract:
- Over 60% of municipal sewage treatment plants in China face excessive mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentrations coupled with low sludge activity (MLVSS/MLSS ratio ≈50%, significantly below the theoretical optimal range of 70%-75%) in biochemical treatment units, leading to reduced treatment efficiency, increased energy consumption and operational costs. This study systematically analyzes operational data from 22 sewage treatment plants in northern China and global literature to identify root causes of elevated MLSS across the entire treatment process, including influent characteristics, pretreatment efficiency, biochemical reaction mechanisms, advanced treatment, and sludge disposal. Key findings reveal three interdependent factors， including high inorganic particle loading in influent (ISS/SS = 39.85%, with about 70% of fine particles ≤100 μm), inadequate grit removal efficiency in pretreatment units (fine particle removal in cyclonic/aerated grit chambers, <50%), chemical sludge recirculation, and improper sludge retention time (SRT) regulation (135% MLSS surge at SRT= 90 days). To address these challenges, an integrated “source control-process optimization-smart regulation” strategy is proposed, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and practical paradigm for improving treatment quality and efficiency, and green development in municipal sewage treatment plants.
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