YANGBo-xuan,LIJin-wei,JIANGCheng-chun,et al.Iron Salt Pretreatment for Removing Antibiotic Resistance Genes from Secondary Treatment Effluent and Mitigating Membrane Fouling[J].China Water & Wastewater,2025,41(21):116-123.
铁盐预处理去除二级出水中抗性基因及缓解膜污染
- Title:
- Iron Salt Pretreatment for Removing Antibiotic Resistance Genes from Secondary Treatment Effluent and Mitigating Membrane Fouling
- Keywords:
- ultrafiltration; antibiotic resistance gene; ferric chloride; potassium ferrate; secondary treatment effluent; membrane fouling
- 摘要:
- 采用两种铁盐混凝剂——氯化铁［Fe（Ⅲ）］和高铁酸钾［Fe（Ⅵ）］进行超滤（UF）膜前预处理，分析Fe（Ⅲ）-UF工艺和Fe（Ⅵ）-UF工艺对二级出水中抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）、水传病原微生物和有机物的去除效果，探明膜污染缓解效能。结果表明，与直接UF相比，两种组合工艺均有效降低了二级出水中污染物浓度，并且Fe（Ⅵ）-UF工艺对ARGs、UV254和荧光有机物的去除效果优于Fe（Ⅲ）-UF工艺，但两者对溶解性有机碳（DOC）的去除效果差别不大。Fe（Ⅲ）和Fe（Ⅵ）预处理均显著缓解了膜污染，过滤终点膜比通量较直接UF工艺分别提高了154.5%和181.8%。Fe（Ⅲ）预处理同时缓解了膜的可逆污染和不可逆污染，膜污染机理由直接UF的标准堵塞和中间堵塞转变为滤饼层过滤和中间堵塞；但是Fe（Ⅵ）预处理仅缓解了膜的可逆污染，膜污染主导机理未发生转变。膜污染表征结果显示，与直接UF相比，Fe（Ⅵ）-UF工艺膜表面亲水性物质、腐殖质类物质和蛋白质类物质显著减少，但Fe（Ⅲ）-UF工艺膜表面仅有蛋白质类物质减少。
- Abstract:
- Two iron salt coagulants, ferric chloride [Fe(Ⅲ)] and potassium ferrate [Fe(Ⅵ)], were employed as pretreatment agents prior to ultrafiltration (UF). The removal efficiencies of the Fe(Ⅲ)-UF and Fe(Ⅵ)-UF processes were evaluated with respect to antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), waterborne pathogenic microorganisms, and organic matters in secondary treatment effluent. Additionally, the effectiveness of these coagulation-assisted pretreatment methods in mitigating membrane fouling was investigated. Compared with direct UF, both integrated processes demonstrated effective reduction of pollutant concentrations in the secondary treatment effluent. Furthermore, the Fe(Ⅵ)-UF process exhibited superior performance over the Fe(Ⅲ)-UF process in the removal of ARGs, UV254, and fluorescent organic matters, while no significant difference was observed in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal between the two processes. Both Fe(Ⅲ) and Fe(Ⅵ) pretreatment effectively mitigated membrane fouling, resulting in an increase of 154.5% and 181.8% in membrane specific flux at the end of filtration, respectively, compared to the direct UF. Fe(Ⅲ) pretreatment effectively mitigated both reversible and irreversible membrane fouling. The fouling mechanism transitioned from standard blocking and intermediate blocking observed in direct UF to cake layer filtration and intermediate fouling. In contrast, Fe(Ⅵ) pretreatment reduced only reversible membrane fouling, with no significant alteration in the dominant fouling mechanism. The membrane fouling characterization results indicated that, in comparison with direct UF, the Fe(Ⅵ)-UF process exhibited a significant reduction in hydrophilic substances, humic-like substances, and protein-like substances on the membrane surface. In contrast, only protein-like substances were reduced in the Fe(Ⅲ)-UF process.
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