LIANGHeng,WANGYang,ZHENGHongling.Operation Performance of AOA Process under Combined Stress of Microplastics and Perfluorooctanoic Acid[J].China Water & Wastewater,2026,42(3):1-9.
微塑料和全氟辛酸胁迫下AOA工艺运行效能分析
- Title:
- Operation Performance of AOA Process under Combined Stress of Microplastics and Perfluorooctanoic Acid
- Keywords:
- microplastics; perfluorooctanoic acid; anaerobic-oxic-anoxic (AOA) process; microbial community; extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)
- 摘要:
- 厌氧-好氧-缺氧（AOA）工艺兼具经济性与环境友好性，是当前主流的污水生物处理技术之一。然而有关微塑料（MPs）与全氟辛酸（PFOA）等新污染物对AOA工艺运行效能的影响至今鲜有探究。为此，构建了四套序批式AOA反应器：R0（对照）、R1（50 mg/L MPs）、R2（1 mg/L PFOA）、R3（50 mg/L MPs+ 1 mg/L PFOA），解析两类污染物对工艺的影响。结果显示，R1富集了Proteobacteria（33.3%）等功能菌，氮、磷去除率提升（TN：74.6%~77.5%，TP：91.2%~91.6%），体现MPs“增效”作用；R2受PFOA抑制，TN、TP去除率分别降至64.5%~71.2%、81.6%~88.6%，呈“抑制”效应；R3中MPs吸附PFOA放大毒性，TN、TP去除率进一步降至60.6%~65.9%、77.6%~85.6%，展现“协同恶化”。同时，R3存在“氧化膜损伤-菌群崩溃-效能恶化”循环：核心功能菌衰退（Nitrospira丰度为2.1%，较R0降低25.0%；Accumulibacter丰度为1.5%，较R0降低16.7%），活性氧（ROS）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）释放量达到R0的1.28、1.26倍，微生物比耗氧速率（SOUR）降低，污泥沉降性恶化，胞外聚合物（EPS）增至115.1 mg/g。因此，MPs和PFOA对AOA工艺的复合胁迫效应应给予关注。
- Abstract:
- The anaerobic-oxic-anoxic (AOA) process, known for its cost?effectiveness and environmental friendliness, is one of the mainstream biological wastewater treatment technologies. However, the impact of emerging contaminants such as microplastics (MPs) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) on the performance of the AOA process remains poorly understood. To address this situation, four sequencing batch AOA reactors were established: R0 (control), R1 (50 mg/L MPs), R2 (1 mg/L PFOA), and R3 (50 mg/L MPs + 1 mg/L PFOA), to investigate the effects of these two types of pollutants. The results showed that R1 enriched functional bacteria such as Proteobacteria (33.3%), leading to improved nitrogen and phosphorus removal (TN: 74.6%-77.5%; TP: 91.2%-91.6%), reflecting the enhancement effect of MPs. In R2, inhibited by PFOA, the TN and TP removal rates decreased to 64.5%-71.2% and 81.6%-88.6%, respectively, showing an inhibitory effect. In R3, the adsorption of PFOA by MPs amplified toxicity, further reducing TN and TP removal rates to 60.6%-65.9% and 77.6%-85.6%, demonstrating a synergistic deterioration. Meanwhile, R3 exhibited a cycle of oxidative membrane damage-microbial collapse-performance deterioration: core functional bacteria declined (Nitrospira abundance: 2.1%, 25.0% lower than R0; Accumulibacter abundance: 1.5%, 16.7% lower than R0), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) releases reached 1.28 times and 1.26 times that of R0, the specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) decreased, sludge settleability worsened, and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) increased to 115.1 mg/g. Therefore, the combined stress effects of MPs and PFOA on the AOA process should be paid attention to.
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