MU Yu lin,SHI Hong tao,ZHAO Bo wen,et al.Pollution Load of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Cage Aquaculture in Yangcheng Lake[J].China Water & Wastewater,2018,34(21):86-91.
阳澄湖围网养殖氮磷污染负荷分析
- Title:
- Pollution Load of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Cage Aquaculture in Yangcheng Lake
- 文章编号:
- 1000-4602(2018)21-0086-06
- Keywords:
- pollution load; ecological dam; cage aquaculture; sediment; nitrogen; phosphorus
- 分类号:
- TU992.3
- 文献标志码:
- C
- 摘要:
- 以某养殖户（养殖面积约为6 667 m2）为研究对象，构建污染负荷计算方法，并基于底泥氮磷释放试验和大闸蟹饵料代谢试验分析一个养殖周期内产生的氮磷污染负荷。研究结果表明，TN、TP的释放速率分别为3.17和0.12 mg/(m2·d)，释放的氮形态主要为NO-3-N，磷形态主要为溶解性总磷。单位质量大闸蟹每天代谢产生的最大TN和TP负荷分别为35.22和3.40 mg/(kg·d)，排泄到水中的氮形态主要为NH+4-N，其来源主要是液态排泄物，磷形态主要为非溶解性磷，其来源主要是固态悬浮排泄物。同时还发现，玉米、带鱼、螺蛳等饵料的残留量分别为初始投加量的59.6%、61.1%和13.2%。一个养殖周期内，养殖的大闸蟹产生的氮和磷负荷最大值分别为68.29和7.05 mg/(m2·d)，其中饵料残留的贡献最大，贡献率分别为79.90%和83.83%，其次是大闸蟹排泄物的贡献，贡献率分别为15.47%和14.47%，而底泥释放的贡献最小，贡献率分别为4.63%和1.70%。
- Abstract:
- A pollution load calculation method was constructed by taking a farm (aquaculture area of 6 667 m2) as the research object, and the nitrogen and phosphorus loads generated in a breeding cycle were investigated by means of the sediment releasing test and crab feeding metabolism test. The results showed that TN was released at a rate of 3.17 mg/(m2·d) in the form of NO-3-N, while the releasing rate of TP was 0.12 mg/(m2·d) in the form of soluble total phosphorous. Feeding metabolism tests showed that the maximum daily productions of TN and TP per unit mass of crabs were 35.22 mg/(kg·d) and 3.40 mg/(kg·d), respectively. The nitrogen excreted into water was mainly from the liquid excrement in the form of NH+4-N; while most of the released phosphorus was in the form of insoluble phosphorus from solid suspended waste. It was also estimated that the residues of corn, hairtail and snail were 59.6%, 61.1% and 13.2% of the initial feeding amount, respectively. During a crab breeding cycle, the maximum TN and TP loads produced by the crab aquaculture were 68.29 mg/(m2·d) and 7.05 mg/(m2·d), respectively, in which the contribution of feed residue was the largest (79.90% and 83.83%, respectively), followed by the contribution of crab excretion, which were 15.47% and 14.47%, respectively, while the contribution of sediment discharge was the smallest, which were 4.63% and 1.70%, respectively.
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备注/Memo
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51378305)
通信作者：李春杰E-mail:cjli@sjtu.edu.cn
作者简介：
穆玉林（1992-），男，陕西咸阳人，硕士研究生，主要从事水污染控制与资源化研究。
E-mail:muboyuan@163.com
收稿日期：2018-05-11